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Sample preparation for tablet analysis |
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| Dr Alfred Steinbach, of Metrohm International looks at fully automated sample preparation for the content determination of tablets. |
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Quality control of biofuels |
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| For quality control of biofuels, the determination of oxidation stability, iodine and acid number as well as water, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal content are important. Titrimetric and ion chromatographic analyses referred to in the above-mentioned bioethanol standards are addressed as well. |
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Mobile ph-measurement | | |
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| Ob im rauen Feldeinsatz, für die Messung im Produktionsbetrieb oder für das routinemäßige Arbeiten im Labor: Die technischen Anforderungen an ein mobiles pHMeter sind ebenso hoch wie an ein stationäres Messgerät. Dazu muss das Gerät robust und einfach zu bedienen sein. Das 826 pH mobile von Metrohm macht vor, wie es geht. |
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Metals in dip coating baths |
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| With an estimated worldwide turnover of more than 500 million Euros, phospatizing is the most important metal pretreatment process. ProcessLab is a customizable modular atline analysis system that records, controls and documents all important analytical bath parameters of the entire phosphatizing process. |
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Mastering all challenges – Ion chromatography for laboratories |
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| Be it anions and cations in drinking water, ultratrace analysis in nuclear power plants, ions in complex sample matrices in the semiconductor industry, method development in R&D – the 850 Professional IC, the 858 Professional Sample Processor and the MagICNet software are the perfect system to meet these challenges. Compact and flexible, it can be adapted to almost any application and is equipped for all future tasks. |
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IC determination of free and total glycerol in biodiesel and biodiesel blends |
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| The free and total content of detrimental glycerol in vegetable oil methyl esters (biodiesel) is of paramount importance for the quality of biodiesel and is, therefore, limited by the US ASTM D 6751 and the European EN 14214 standards. Both regulations currently stipulate gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of free and total glycerol. However, the GC method, apart from being expensive, requires tedious derivatizations and fails for glycerol determinations in coconut or palm kernel oil methyl esters. In contrast, the presented ion chromatographic method is applicable to all types of vegetable oil methyl esters. Prior to chromatographic separation, free glycerol and bound glycerol are isolated by a straightforward extraction and saponificationextraction technique, respectively. Pulsed amperometric detection following chromatographic separation achieves an outstanding method detection limit (MDL) of 0.7 ppm by mass for glycerol and thus easily fulfills ASTM and EN performance specifications. |
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Hyphenated techniques as modern detection systems in ion chromatography |
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| This article describes the use of combined ion chromatography-mass spectrometry (IC–MS) and ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP–MS) to analyze potentially harmful compounds. |
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Analysis of food samples with ion chromatography after inline dialysis |
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Ion chromatography (IC) as an analytical technique has experienced an impressive surge in popularity due to the simplicity and robustness of the method, the improved reliability and the great choice of columns, detectors and applications. For a sample in a homogeneous ionic form, very little sample preparation is required and results can be obtained within a matter of minutes. In complex matrices carrying high organic loads such as waste water, soil eluates or dairy products, a more extensive sample preparation is mandatory to prevent destruction of the column.
Although numerous sample preparation techniques have been developed, such as the Carrez precipitation for protein-containing samples, most of them are tedious and error-prone. To overcome these shortcomings, Metrohm launched the first coupling of IC with dialysis in 1997. Since then the procedure has been further improved and allows for an efficient inline elimination of undesired matrix components in a variety of demanding sample types.
Using as examples an ultra-high temperature (UHT) processed milk and a baby milk powder sample, this work presents a fully automated sample preparation setup coupled to the new ion chromatograph 881 Compact IC pro. Calibration parameters, carryover and recovery rates were tested with multi-anion standards.
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Driving with biomass |
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The four primary driving forces behind biofuels are the world‘s increasing thirst for petroleum (80 million barrels/day), the diminishing supply of fossil fuels, global warming and the intention to reduce dependence on fuel imports. Additionally most biofuels are produced by straightforward manufacturing processes, are readily biodegradable and nontoxic, have low emission profiles and can be used as they are or blended with conventional fuels. Currently biodiesel and bioethanol are the leading fuel alternatives.
This contribution describes specifications and test methods prescribed by the two major biodiesel standards, namely the determination of the oxidation stability, the iodine and acid number as well as the water, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal content. Titrimetric and ion chromatographic analyses referred to in the ASTM D 4806 bioethanol standard are addressed as well. |
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Carbohydrate analysis in essential and non-essential foodstuffs |
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| This article describes a straightforward ion chromatographic method that uses isocratic elution and pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) to sensitively determine water-soluble polyols and sugar alcohols as well as mono-, di- and oligosaccharides in essential and nonessential foodstuffs. While carbohydrate determination of most foodstuffs requires only minimal sample pretreatment such as dilution and filtration, samples with interfering matrices such as protein-containing dairy products have to be dialysed prior to injection. |
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Trace-level determination of bromate in water by ion chromatography with optimized post-column derivatization and UV/VIS detection as triiodide |
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| Trace-Level Determination of Bromate in Water by Ion Chromatography with Optimized Post-Column Derivatization and UV/vis Detection as Triiodide. |
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Bromate in drinking water |
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Ion chromatography is a rapid, flexible and precise analysis method. Particularly in aqueous matrices
it can unfold its complete performance range; depending on the particular problem and matrix composition it can utilize various separating mechanisms and types of detection (hyphenated techniques). Two analytical methods for the determination of bromate in drinking water and mineral water are described below, in which both conductivity measurement after chemical suppression and UV detection after previous post-column derivatization (PCR) are used. |
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Biofuel analysis by ion chromatography |
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Convenient ion chromatographic methods for the determination of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, antioxidants as well as chloride and sulfate in biofuels are described. While the antioxidants are detected by UV/VIS detection, the metal cations and the anions are determined by non-suppressed and suppressed conductivity detection, respectively. The outstanding performance of ion chromatographic determinations, as illustrated by the recent adoption of ASTM D 7319 in ASTM D 4806, underlines the leading
position that IC increasingly assumes in biofuel analysis.
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Determination of the water content in biodiesel |
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| Biodiesel becomes increasingly attractive as an economical and environmentally friendly substitute to conventional Diesel. The water content determines both the calorific value and the storability. The lower the oxadation stability the more likely it is for oxidation products to form during storage. In order to control the water content, ISO 12937 has been drawn up. |
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Analysing trace-level aliphatic amines in cationic drugs |
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| The analytical challenge treated in the present work consists in determining sub-ppb concentrations of low-molecular-weight amines in the presence of strongly retained cationic drugs by using ion chromatography (IC) with upstream in-line coupled-column matrix elimination (CCME). In contrast to direct-injection IC, where the late elution of strongly retained drugs is a significant drawback and requires eluents with added acetonitrile, the low-pressure CCME technique — by using two preconcentration columns in series — gets by without solvent-containing eluents. In an “inverse matrix elimination” step, cationic drug and target amines are trapped on a high-capacity and a very-high-capacity preconcentration column, respectively. During the separation step, a rinsing solution flushes the drug retained on the high-capacity preconcentration column to waste. Application of CCME significantly shortens the analysis time, protects the analytical column and improves sensitivity, as well as selectivity. Besides the determ nation of monomethylamine in Nebivolol hydrochloride discussed here, the CCME technique is a promising tool for determining further low-molecular-weight amines in a wide range of drugs. |
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Routine process analysis – Compact analysis system for process environments |
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| In recent years analytical measuring has been transferred more and more from the laboratory to the plant. This places high demands on the analytical systems. They must be robust in order to function in the harsh process environment and optimally adapted to the particular process; they must also have interfaces for rapid internal and external communication via Ethernet, input/output lines, LIMS and databases. |
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