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| TP-thermom |
Thermometric titration - the missing piece of the titration puzzle |
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| Thermometric titration can solve application problems that potentiometry cannot solve at all, or at least not satisfactorily. |
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| TP-an-hno3 |
Determination of anions in concentrated nitric acid by ion chromatography: the influence of temperature on column selectivity |
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| Determination of chloride and sulfate in the presence of high nitrate concentrations. Optimization of the chromatographic separation by variation of the temperature and eluent composition |
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| AN-V-176 |
Se(total) in tap water after reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) by means of 705 UV Digester |
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| The concentration of Se(IV) can be determined by cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) in ammonium sulfate electrolyte in the presence of Cu. To determine the total selenium concentration Se(VI) has to be reduced to Se(IV). With the 705 UV Digester this reduction can be done nearly reagent-free. Only the pH has to be adjusted to pH 7 – 9. In this way also speciation between Se(IV) and Se(VI) is possible. Direct measurement of the sample gives the Se(IV) content, after sample preparation the total amount of Se is determined. |
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| AN-V-128 |
Fe(total) in a Cr electroplating bath |
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| The concentration of Fe(total) is determined polarographically in a chromium electroplating bath. The method is suitable for iron in concentrations in the ppm range. Fe(II) and Fe(III) show signals with the same sensitivity. |
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| AN-V-125 |
Fe traces with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol |
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| The concentration of Fe is determined in water samples by adsorptive stripping voltammetry with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol as complexing agent. All reagents have to be added in the order as listed below. All reagents typically contain iron impurities. Therefore a subtraction of the reagent blank is recommended. Fe(II) and Fe(III) show different sensitivities. Therefore the sample should only contain one of the iron species. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) can be added to the measuring solution and to the Fe(III) standard solution if both Fe(II) and Fe(III) are present in the sample to determine the concentration of total iron. A final concentration of ascorbic acid of 0.002 mol/L is suitable. |
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| AN-V-124 |
Fe(III) traces in standard solution with solochrome violet RS |
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| The concentration of Fe(III) is determined by adsorptive stripping voltammetry with solochrome violet RS as complexing agent. All reagents have to be added in the order as listed below. Fe(II) does not show any signal. All reagents typically contain iron impurities. Therefore a subtraction of the reagent blank is recommended. |
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| AN-V-122 |
Fe(total) in deionized water (triethanolamine-bromate-method) |
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| The concentration of Fe(total) is determined in deionized water. The method is suitable for iron concentrations down to the mid µg/L range. Electrochemical deposition is not applicable for this method. A subtraction of the reagent blank is recommended. Fe(II) and Fe(III) give signals with the same sensitivity. |
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| AN-V-121 |
Fe(total) in wastewater after UV digestion (triethanolamine-bromate-method) |
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| The concentration of Fe(total) is determined in wastewater after UV digestion. The method is suitable for iron concentrations down to the high µg/L range. Electrochemical deposition is not applicable for this method. A subtraction of the reagent blank is recommended. Fe(II) and Fe(III) give signals with the same sensitivity. |
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| AN-V-118 |
Gold in ammonium thiosulfate solution |
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| Gold can be determined by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) in the µg/l range at the Ultra Trace Graphite electrode. The solution should not contain halide ions. |
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| AN-V-109 |
Selenium in waste water |
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| Selenium is determined by cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). Se(IV) is deposited in sulfuric acid electrolyte under addition of copper ions as CuxSey on the surface of the mercury drop. Wastewater samples containing organic contaminants have to be digested by UV irradiation prior to analysis. |
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| AN-V-098 |
Molybdenum in sulfuric acid |
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| Mo is determined by polarography at the SMDE in nitric acid solution. |
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| AN-V-097 |
Chromium in sulfuric acid |
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| Cr(VI) is determined with DTPA at pH 6.2 by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) at the HMDE. |
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| AN-V-096 |
Platinum in urine |
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| Pt in urine can be determined at ultra trace levels by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) at the HMDE. The complexing agent used in this method is formazone, which is formed from formaldehyde and hydrazine. The method is extremely sensitive to organic contaminants. UV digestion is used to mineralize the urine samples. |
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| AN-U-021 |
Traces of nitrate in concentrated phosphoric acid with UV detection |
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| Determination of nitrate in concentrated phosphoric acid using anion chromatography with UV detection. |
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| AN-U-008 |
Trace anions in magnesium chloride (MgCl2) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and subsequent UV/VIS detection |
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| Determination of traces of fluoride, bromide, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and subsequent UV/VIS detection. |
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| AN-S-243 |
Chloride, chlorate and sulfate in soda lye (50% sodium hydroxide) using Metrohm Inline Sample Neutralization |
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| Determination of chloride, chlorate and sulfate in soda lye (50% sodium hydroxide) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after sequential suppression and Metrohm Inline Neutralization. |
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| AN-S-228 |
Anions in perfluorocarbon |
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| Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, sulfate and oxalate in a perfluorocarbon material using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-217 |
Ultratrace-level perchlorate in reagent water, ground water, surface water and water containing 3000 ppm of total dissolved solids (USEPA method 314.0) |
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| Determination of perchlorate in water containing 3 g/L of total dissolved solids (TDS) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-214 |
Trace level fluoride and sulfate in 35% hydrochloric acid after inline neutralization |
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| Determination of traces of fluoride and sulfate in 35% hydrochloric acid (HCl) using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and sample preparation by inline neutralization. |
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| AN-S-213 |
Nitrate in nickel plating bath |
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| Determination of nitrate in a nickel plating bath using anion chromatography with UV/VIS detection (205 nm) after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-153 |
Chloride in 65% nitric acid using column switching |
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| Determination of chloride in concentrated nitric acid using anion chromatography with conductivity detection and chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-152 |
2-Fluorobenzoate in water deposits |
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| Determination of 2-fluorobenzoate in a water deposit from the oil production industry using anion chromatography with conductivity detection and chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-125 |
Determination of complexing agents |
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| Determination of NTA, HEDP and ATMP using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-074 |
Traces of chloride, chlorate and sulfate in soda lye (50% NaOH) |
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| Determination of chloride, chlorate and sulfate in soda lye (NaOH 50%) after inline neutralization using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-068 |
Traces of anions in 15% NaOH after online sample neutralization using the MSM |
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| Determination of traces of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate in 15% NaOH using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression and online sample neutralization. |
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| AN-S-067 |
Traces of chloride and sulfate in a developing bath |
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| Determination of traces of chloride and sulfate in a developing bath using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-066 |
Trace anions in boric acid after preconcentration |
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| Determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate in boric acid with sample preconcentration using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-056 |
Traces of chloride in ultrapure water under clean room conditions |
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| Determination of traces of chloride in ultrapure water with direct injection under clean room conditions using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-051 |
Chloride, sulfate, chromate and sulfonic acids in a chromium plating bath |
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| Determination of chloride, sulfate, chromate, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), methanedisulfonic acid (MDSA) and ethanedisulfonic acid (EDSA) in a chromium plating bath using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-050 |
Chloride, nitrate and sulfate in methanol |
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| Determination of chloride, nitrate and sulfate in methanol using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-S-028 |
ppb levels of anions |
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| Determination of 1 (3) µg/L of chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate after direct injection using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-Q-003 |
Online monitoring of trace levels of anions in boiler feed water |
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| Determination of trace levels of chloride, nitrate, phosphate and sulfate in boiler feed water using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. |
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| AN-Q-002 |
Online monitoring of trace levels of cations in boiler feed water |
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| Determination of trace levels of lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in boiler feed water using cation chromatography with direct conductivity detection. |
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| AN-Q-001 |
Online monitoring of trace levels of silicate in boiler feed water |
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| Determination of trace levels of silicate in boiler feed water using anion chromatography with direct conductivity detection. |
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| AN-N-028 |
Traces of bromide in hydrochloric acid (32%) using amperometric detection |
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| Determination of traces of bromide in HCl (32%) using anion chromatography with amperometric detection at the silver electrode. |
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| AN-I-002 |
Low levels of ammonia in distilled water |
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| Determination of ammonia (ammonium) in distilled water by direct potentiometry using the Ammonium ISE. |
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| AN-C-090 |
Traces of zinc and iron (II) in the presence of the standard cations |
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| Determination of traces of zinc and iron(II) in the presence of lithium, sodium, ammonium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in boiler water using cation chromatography with direct conductivity detection. |
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| AN-C-074 |
Trimethylamine in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) |
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| Determination of trimethylamine in hydrogen peroxide (31 %) using cation chromatography with direct conductivity detection after inline matrix elimination, inline preconcentration and inline calibration. |
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| AB-266 |
Determination of titanium and uranium by voltammetry |
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This bulletin describes extremely sensitive methods for the determination of titanium and uranium. They are especially suitable for the analysis of ground, drinking, sea, surface and cooling waters, in which the concentration of these elements is of importance. The methods can, of course, also be used for the trace analysis in other matrices.
Titanium is determined by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) with mandelic acid as complexing agent. The determination limit lies at 0.5 μg/L.
Uranium is also determined as the chloranilic acid complex with adsorptive stripping voltammetry. Here the determination limit lies in low-chloride media at 50 ng/L, in seawater at 1 μg/L and in high-chloride media in a ppm range, after the chloride has been removed by means of a sulfate-loaded ion exchanger. |
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